The history of the catholic church in China reaches back to the year 1307, when Khanbaliq archdiocese, today’s Beijing, was erected. After the diocese’s falldown in 1483 it lasted up to 1690 respective 1660, that Portugal established the dioceses of Peking and Nanking. From 1840 onwards the Holy See founded apostolic vicariates in Tibet and in Mongolia. To contain Portugal’s influence, Pius IX abolished Peking as well as Nanking diocese in 1856 and substituted them with an increasing number of apostolic vicariates, which were administered by missionaries of numerous religious orders and many different home countries. It lasted up to Pius XII on April 11, 1946, to establish the regular hierarchy by rising the vicariates to dioceses.
In the 1920s the first contemporary Chinese born bishops were consecrated, and Thomas Tian Gengxin became the first Chinese cardinal in the consistory of 1946, but the church remained under the overwhelming influence of external missionaries. After proclaiming the People’s Republic of China in 1949, missionary activities were forbidden; external members of religious orders were – often after several years of imprisonment – deported, and also the Chinese born clergy often was not able to obey the pastoral duties.
Therefore, in fact most dioceses and apostolic prefectures became vacant. In 1951, Anton Pott, S. V. D., of Xinyang was the last missionary bishop to be appointed, but he never was able to be consecrated and left for Taiwan. In 1952, Pius XII elected with Joseph Wang Cizhang, O. F. M., of Hengyang the last official bishop possible, while Humilis Yang Guang-qi of Yuci, who was appointed in 1955, was not able to be consecrated any more.
Because of this desperate situation, which was intensified by the fact the government forbid the few remaing Chinese bishops, who were able to do their restricted service, any contact to „foreign powers“, i. e. the Vatican, some of them decided to consecrate new bishops without approval of the Holy See to allow a religious survival. With Li De-hua on March 7, 1958, a long consecration line without papal mandate started. Archbishop Pi Shu-shi, who consecrated at least twenty-six prelates, was considered excommunicated therefore for several years.
These consecrations ended in 1963 due to increasing governmental pressure. Free religious life diminished completely during the years of cultural revolution from 1966 up to Mao’s death in 1976, and a lot of bishops, priests and lay people were imprisoned or lost their life.
Very remarkable therefore was the first consecration which took place in Beijing in 1979. Against the Holy See’s sharp protests, Michael Fu Tien-shan became bishop by Michael Yang Gao-jian and got in charge for Beijing Diocese. At the same time the Church started to become organized by the Patriotic Association. To lay down the hierarchical status, from then onwards there were no archbishops or ecclesiastical provinces any more, but equal bishops chosen by people and priests. On the other hand stood catholics loyal to Rome, who were led by their own, clandestine consecrated bishops. Therefore, soon several dioceses had two reigning bishops at the same time; often the decision whether „patriotic“ or „Roman“ is impossible, because some bishops changed the sides or, more often in the most recent time, bishops were recognized by both parties.
A first, onesided attempt of reconciliazation took place in 1981, when St. John Paul II elected titular bishop and Apostolic Administrator of Guangzhou, Dominic Deng Yiming, S. I., who was in charge since 1950 and imprisoned for long years, as regular Archbishop of Guangzhou – the very first appointment after nearly thirty years. This step had as consequence the total negation of Deng by the patriotic movement which up to then had appreciated him deeply. He was not able to take over his office and had to go in Hong Kong exile.
The following bishop’s consecrations took place since 1958; details about the first two ones are not known:
00.00.0000 Shi Guangdong, by N. N.
00.00.0000 Wang Feili, by N. N.
00.00.1958 Paul Xi Minhuan, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
00.00.1958 Joseph Zhou Yi-zhai, by Dong Wen-long
13.04.1958 Bernardin Dong Guangqing, by Joseph Li Daonan
13.04.1958 Marc Yuan Wen-hua, by Joseph Li Taonan
20.04.1958 Stanislav Chang Sou-yi, by Francis Zhao Zhen-sheng
20.04.1958 Lan Bo-lu, by Francis Zhao Zhen-sheng
20.04.1958 Pan Shao-qing, by Francis Zhao Zhen-sheng
20.04.1958 Lucas Wang Shou-qian, by Francis Zhao Zhen-sheng
01.06.1958 Dong Wen-long, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
01.06.1958 Henry Jia Fu-shan, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
01.06.1958 Charles Li Ming-yuan, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
01.06.1958 Joseph Zhong Huai-de, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
15.06.1958 Chen Yuencai, by Francis Yi Xuan-hua
15.06.1958 Paul Kong Ling-zhong, by Francis Yi Xuan-hua (?)
22.06.1958 Zhao You-min, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
06.07.1958 John Li Xi-ting, by Matthew Duan Yinmin (?)
20.07.1958 John Wang Qi-wei, by Francis Zhao Zhen-sheng
09.10.1958 Chen Du-qing, by John Wang Qi-wei
09.10.1958 Hu Qin-ming, by John Wang Qi-wei
09.10.1958 Huang Shu, by John Wang Qi-wei
26.10.1958 Tarcisius Guo Ze-qian, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
26.10.1958 James Li Shu-ren, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
26.10.1958 Louis Li Zhen-lin, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
26.10.1958 Xiong De-lian, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
26.10.1958 Michael Yang Gao-jian, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
00.00.1959 Wang Ju-guang, by Mathew Duan Yinmin
26.03.1959 John Li Sheng-xue, by Joseph Li Boyu
26.05.1959 (?) Peter Wang Rui-huan, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
31.05.1959 Mathew Wang Wei-ming, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
01.07.1959 (?) Joseph Yao Guang-yu, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
26.07.1959 Anthony Tu Shi-hua, by Joseph Li Daonan
15.08.1959 Paul Francis Zhang Ming-qian, by Bernardin Dong Guang-qing
15.11.1959 John Li Wei-guang, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
15.11.1959 Thomas Qian Yurong, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
15.11.1959 Shen Chu-ming, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
15.11.1959 Matthew Yu Cheng-cai, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
00.00.1960 Zhou Qingyun, by N. N.
26.04.1960 Fang Zhigang, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
26.04.1960 Shu Qi-shui, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
26.04.1960 Matthew Wu Guo-huan, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
26.04.1960 Louis Zhang Jia-shu, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
30.04.1960 Zhang Ri-jin, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
00.05.1960 Nicholas Shi Lunguo, by Dong Wen-long
21.01.1962 Anthony Gao Yong, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
21.01.1962 Stephan He Chunming, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
21.01.1962 Li De-hua, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
21.01.1962 Joseph Lin Quan, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
21.01.1962 Andrew Liu An-zhi, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
21.01.1962 John Xia Xue-qian, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
21.01.1962 Joseph Ye Yin-yun, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
31.03.1963 Shi Ming-liang, by Paul Deng Jizhou
07.04.1963 Fan Dao-jiang, by John Li Xi-Ting
14.05.1963 Paul Li De-pei, by Francis Zhao Zhen-sheng
21.12.1979 Michael Fu Tie-shan, by Michael Yang Gao-jian
00.00.1980 (?) Thomas Min Doumu, by Julius Jia Zhiguo (?)
25.04.1980 Lucas Li Jingfeng, by Anthony Zhou Wei-dao
19.12.1980 Julius Jia Zhiguo, by Peter Joseph Fan Xueyan
00.00.1981 Joseph Jin Dechen, by Julius Jia Zhiguo
21.01.1981 Casimir Wang Milu, by Peter Joseph Fan Xueyan
20.04.1981 Paul Zhang Chengguo, by N. N.
16.06.1981 Francis Zhou Shanfu, by Peter Joseph Fan Xueyan
24.07.1981 Matthew Ma Long-lin, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de
24.07.1981 Joseph Qian Hui-min, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de
24.07.1981 Lawrence Zhang Wen-bin, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de
24.07.1981 Augustine Zhao Jingnong, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de
24.07.1981 Paul Zu Zhenjiang, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de
27.09.1981 John Cai Ti-yuan, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de
27.09.1981 Peter Paul Li Panshi, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de
19.10.1981 Lucas Thomas Zhang Huaixin, by Julius Jia Zhiguo
10.12.1981 Bartholomew Yu Chengti, by Casimir Wang Milu
18.12.1981 John Ji Huairang, by Francis Zhong Huai-de
2…12.1981 Peter Fan Wenxing, by Chang Shou-yi
21.12.1981 Paul John Liu Jinghe, by Stanislav Chang Shou-yi
21.12.1981 Simon Liu Zhong-yu, by Matthew Duan Yinmin
00.00.1982 John Qu Jingfeng, by N. N.
11.01.1982 Stanislaus Min Xilian, by Julius Jia Zhiguo
25.01.1982 Paul Fan Yufei, by Anthony Zhou Weidao
12.02.1982 Joseph Sun Yuanmo, by Francis Han Tingbi
17.02.1982 Paul Song Wei-li, by Peter Joseph Fan Xueyan
02.03.1982 Matthew Lu Zhengshen, by Bartholomew Yu Chengti
20.04.1982 Peter Chen Jianzhang, by Julius Jia Zhiguo
06.05.1982 Andrew Han Jindao, by N. N.
18.05.1982 Paul Liu Shuhe, by Francis Xavier Zhou Shanfu
15.06.1982 Stephen Li Side, by Paul Liu Shuhe
15.06.1982 Melchior Shi Hongzhen, by Paul Liu Shuhe
24.06.1982 Cosmas Shi Enxiang, by Francis Xavier Zhou Shanfu
21.07.1982 Anthony Li Weidao, by Francis Han Ting-pi
25.07.1982 Peter Liu Guandong, by Francis Zhou Shanfu
11.08.1982 Joseph Shi Hongzhen, by Joseph Li Side
23.09.1982 Augustin Zheng Shouduo, by Francis Han Tingbi
06.10.1982 John Liu Dinghan, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de
10.10.1982: Roch Liu Dian-chi, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
10.10.1982: John Liu Dinghan, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
18.12.1982: Benedict Bonaventure Zhangxin, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
30.12.1982: Michael Xiao Liren, by Casimir Wang Milu
00.00.1983: John Liu Dinghan, sub conditione by Stephen Li Side
09.03.1983: Raymond Wang Chong Lin, by Casimir Wang Milu
16.03.1983: Stephen Li Xinzheng, by Casimir Wang Milu
08.04.1983: Paul Li Zhenrong, by Casimir Wang Milu
08.11.1983: Joseph Ma Zhongmu, by Casimir Wang Milu
00.00.1984: Joseph Zhu Yousan, by Peter Joseph Fan Xueyan
18.01.1984: Odoric Victor Liu Hede, by Stephen Li Xinzheng (?)
18.01.1984: Anthony Yang Shao-huai, by Stephen Li Xinzheng
25.01.1984: James Xie Shiguang, by Stephen Li Xinzheng
24.03.1984: Joseph Meng Ziwen, by Matthew Lu Zhengshen
00.06.1984: John Baptist Ye Yishi, by James Xie Shiguang
27.07.1984: Joseph Li Congzhe, by Julius Jia Zhiguo
14.09.1984: Andrew Hao Jinli, by Melchior Zhang Kexin (?)
09.01.1985: Vincent Huang Shoucheng, by Paul Liu Shuhe
27.01.1985: Aloysius Jin Luxian, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
27.01.1985: Stephen Li Side, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
26.02.1985: Joseph Fan Zhongliang, by Matthew Lu Zhen Sheng
14.06.1985: John Chen Shizhong, by Matthew Duan Yinmin
22.09.1985: John Li Xue-song, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
03.03.1986: Peter Zhang Bairen, by Matthew Lu Zhensheng
29.04.1986: Peter Chen Bolu, by Francis Han Tingbi
30.11.1986: Joseph Huang Zi-yu, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
30.11.1986: Louis Yu Runshen, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
30.11.1986: Peter Zhang Shi-zhi, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
30.11.1986: Joseph Zhu Hua-yu, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
00.00.1987: Augustinus Hu Daguo, by Peter Fan Xueyan
15.03.1987: Philipp Ma Qi, by Lawrence Zhang Wen-bin
29.03.1987: Paul Shi Chunjie, by Stephen Li Xinzheng
05.04.1987: Anthony Li Duan, by Lawrence Zhang Wen-bin
31.05.1987: Philip Xu Lizhi, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
07.08.1987: John Yang Shudao, by Julius Jia Zhiguo
09.08.1987: Joseph Zhong Huaide, by Lucas Ly Jing Feng
06.09.1987: John Wu Shizhen, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
10.09.1987: Peter Li Hongye, by Julius Jia Zhiguo
08.12.1987: Simon Qu Tian-xi, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
08.12.1987: Anthony Wang Zicheng, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
28.03.1988: Matthew Chen Muchen, by Matthew Duan Yinmin
24.04.1988: Samuel Guo Chuanzhen, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
24.04.1988: Paul Han Xi-rang, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
24.04.1988: Joseph Ma Xuesheng, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
24.04.1988: Joseph Sun Zhibin, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
24.04.1988: James Zhao Ziping, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
12.08.1988: Philip Yang Libo, by Julius Jia Zhiguo
16.10.1988: Zhang Hualiang, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
27.11.1988: John Zhou Fengqing, by Aloysius Jin Lu-xian
04.12.1988: Andreas Anicetus Wang Chongyi, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
00.00.1989: Thomas Gao Yuchen, by N. N.
07.05.1989: Anthony Zhong Quanzhang, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
15.05.1989: Paul Guo Wenzhi, by Paul Liu Shuhe
21.05.1989: Paul Jiang Taoran, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
21.05.1989: Pius Jin Peixian, by Joseph Zhong Hiai-de
29.06.1989: John Jiang Liren, by Peter Liu Guandong
29.06.1989: Matthew Pei Xiangde, by Peter Liu Guandong
30.06.1989: Joseph Li Bingyao, by Peter Liu Guandong
21.07.1989: Marc Yuan Wen Zai, by Joseph Fan Zhong-Liang
31.07.1989: Michael Huang Woze, by Matthew Duan Yinmin
31.07.1989: Joseph Xu Zhixian, by Matthew Duan Yinmin
30.08.1989: Simon An Shi’en, by Peter Liu Guandong
31.08.1989: John Baptist Liang Xisheng, by Anthony Yang Shao-huai
11.09.1989: Stephen Liu Difen, by N. N.
03.10.1989: (?) Simon Zhang Jiumu, by Peter Liu Guandong
03.10.1989: (?) Philip Peter Zhao Zhendong, by Peter Liu Guandong
08.10.1989: Joseph Hou Guoyang, by Peter Joseph Fan Xueyan
28.10.1989: Joseph Hou Jin-de, by Peter Chen Bolu
14.11.1989: John Han Dingxiang, by Peter Liu Guandong
12.12.1989: Matthias Yu Chengxin, by Paul Li Zhenrong
13.01.1990: Thomas Zeng Jingmu, by James Xie Shiguang
06.05.1990: James Ping Leung Lin, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
08.05.1990: (?) Francis Zhang Feng-zao, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
08.07.1990: Thaddeus Guo Yingong, by Benedict Zhangxin
08.07.1990: Bonaventure Luo Jun, by Benedict Zhangxin
26.08.1990: Louis Liu Huanbo, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
28.10.1990: Francis Xavier Guo Zhengji, byJoseph Zhong Huaide
28.10.1990: Andrew Zhu Wenyu, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
00.12.1990: John Baptist Wang Ruohan, by Paul Li Zhenrong
00.00.1991: Shi Shoujing, by N. N.
24.01.1991: Joseph Zheng Changcheng, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
22.02.1991: Joseph Su Yuanmo, sub conditione by Francis Han Tingbi
05.05.1991: Michael Xie Chaogang, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
08.05.1991: Nicholas Shi Jingxian, by Anthony Li Duan
04.09.1991: John Huo Cheng, by Benedict Zhangxin
11.09.1991: Matthew Gu Zheng, by Li Zhenrong
17.11.1991: Joseph Wang Zhenye, by Anthony Li Duan
25.11.1991: Paul Xie Tingzhe, by Lucas Ly Jing Feng
27.11.1991: Joseph Zhang Weizhu, by John Wang Guohan
08.12.1991: Matthew Pan Deshi, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
24.02.1992: Michael Liu Xianru, by Matthew Duan Yinmin
14.05.1992: John Zhang Qingtian, by Peter Liu Guandong
27.05.1992: Joseph Shi Hongzhen, sub conditione by N. N.
04.10.1992: James David Lin Xili, by Michael Xiao Liren
15.03.1993: Joseph Jin Dechen, sub conditione by Peter Zhang Boren
18.03.1993: Peter Hou Jingwen, by John Liu Dinghan
02.05.1993: Francis An Shuxin, by Peter Liu Guandong
02.05.1993: James Su Zhimin, by Peter Liu Guandong
14.05.1993: Paul Lo Bei Zhan, by Matthew Duan Yinmin
18.05.1993: Thomas Zhao Feng Wu, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
01.08.1993: John Baptist Liu Jingshan, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
03.09.1993: John Gao Kexian, by Joseph Li Bingyao (?)
21.09.1993: Matthew Luo Duxi, by John Chen Shizhong
07.11.1993: Stanislaus Han Daoyi, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
03.12.1993: Benedict Cai Xiufeng, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
07.12.1993: Joseph Liu Yuanren, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
19.03.1994: Francis Tong Hui, by Anthony Li Duan
11.04.1994: (?) Lu Zhiyuan, by N. N.
18.12.1994: Sylvester Li Jiantang, by Benedict Zhangxin
19.03.1995: Joseph Chen Xu, by Andrew Anicetus Wang Chong Yi
19.03.1995: Joseph Zhu Baoyu, by Joseph Jin Dechen
22.06.1995: Joseph Wei Jingyi, by Paul Guo Wenzhi
12.10.1995: John Liu Shigong, by John Baptist Liu Jingshan
17.12.1995: Alphonse Yang Guang Yan, by Anthony Li Duan
06.01.1996: Peter Zhang Zhiyong, by Lucas Ly Jing Feng
16.04.1996: Nicholas Han Jide, by Philip Ma Qi
14.05.1996: Josaphat Li Hongguang, by Augustin Zheng Shouduo
28.10.1996: Matthew Chen Xilu, by Peter Fan Wenxing
30.10.1996: (?) Stephen Yang Xiangtai, by Peter Chen Bolu (?)
08.12.1996: Joseph Wang Dianduo, by Nicholas Shi Jingxian
19.03.1997: John Chen Cangbao, by Shi Enxiang
07.05.1997: John Bai Ningxian, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
2…07.1997: John Fang Xing Yao, by Thomas Zhao Feng Wu
24.06.1997: John Baptist Wang Xi Xian, by Anthony Li Duan
13.07.1997: Peter Lin Jiashan, by John Yang Shudao
28.01.1998: Ermenegildus Li Yi, by Anthony Li Weidao
13.06.1998: Anthony Zhong Changfeng, by John Baptist Liang Xicheng
09.05.1999: Damase Zhang Hanmin, by Pius Jin Peixian
14.09.1999: John Baptist Wang Jin, by Sylvester Li Jiantang
28.12.1999: Zhang Tongli, by Anthony Zhong Changfeng
06.01.2000: Peter Fang Jianping, by Joseph Liu Yuanren
06.01.2000: Andrew Jin Daoyuan, by Joseph Liu Yuanren
06.01.2000: Francis Xavier Lu Xinping, by Joseph Liu Yuanren
06.01.2000: John Baptist Su Changshan, by Joseph Liu Yuanren
06.01.2000: Vincent Zhan Silu, by Joseph Liu Yuanren
20.03.2000: Joseph Li Lian Gui, by John Liu Dinghan
07.05.2000: Joseph Zhao Fengchang, by Joseph Ma Xuesheng
14.05.2000: Michael He Jinmin, by Joseph Ma Xuesheng
14.05.2000: Matthew Hu Xiande, by Joseph Ma Xuesheng
25.06.2000: Matthew Cao Xiangde, by Yu Cheng-cai
08.08.2000: Joseph Jiang Mingyuan, by Raymund Wang Chong Lin
13.08.2000: Joseph Li Mingshu, by Joseph Ma Xuesheng
28.11.2000: John Chrisostome Lan Shi, by Lawrence Zhang Wenbin
10.12.2000: John Baptist Ye Ronghua, by Anthony Li Duan
19.02.2002: Leo Yao Liang, by Joseph Wei Jingyi
08.03.2002: Paul Wang Huiyao, by Alphonse Yang Guangyan
12.11.2002: Joseph Tong Changping, by Lawrence Zhang Wengbin
05.01.2003: Joseph Han Zhihai, by Paul Xie Tingzhe
21.01.2003: John Baptist Tan Yanquan, by Pius Jin Peixian
26.09.2003: Joseph Liao Hongqing, by Bernardine Dong Guangqing
14.10.2003: Peter Mao Qingfu, by Peter Li Hongye
14.10.2003: Placidus Pei Ronggui, by Peter Li Hongye
00.00.2004: Joseph Shi Shuang-xi, by N. N.
06.01.2004: Peter Feng Xinmao, by Liu Ding-han
08.02.2004: Paul Ma Cunguo, by Bonaventure Luo Juan
17.02.2004: Thomas Zhao Kexun, by Joseph Wei Jingyi
29.04.2004: Joseph Zhang Xianwang, by James Zhao Zi-ping
07.05.2004: Matthias Du Jiang, by John Liu Shigong
05.07.2004: Paul Ji Zengwei, by Augustine Hu Daguo
19.11.2004: Paul Su Yongda, by John Fang Xing Yao
00.00.2005: Paul Dong Guanhua, by N. N.
01.01.2005: Joseph Gao Hongxiao, by Liang Xisheng
28.06.2005: Joseph Xing Wenzhi, by Aloysius Jin Luxian
26.07.2005: Anthony Dan Mingyan, by Anthony Li Du’an
18.10.2005: Paul He Zeqing, by Joseph Xu Zixhuan
19.10.2005: Joseph Wu Qinjing, by Anthony Li Duan
00.00.2006: Zhuang Jianjian, by N. N.
20.04.2006: Joseph Xu Honggen, by John Fang Xing Yao
30.04.2006: Joseph Ma Yinglin, by Bernardine Dong Guang-qing
03.05.2006: Joseph Liu Xinhong, by John Wu Shizhen
07.05.2006: Paul Pei Junmin, by Pius Jin Peixian
30.11.2006: John Wang Renlei, by Joseph Zhao Fengchang
08.09.2007: Paul Xiao Zejiang, by Andreas Anicetus Wang Chongyi
21.09.2007: Joseph Li Shan, by John Fang Xing Yao
10.11.2007: Peter Shao Zumin, by Vincent Huang Shoucheng
30.11.2007: Francis Lu Shouwang, by Louis Yu Ren Shen
04.12.2007: Joseph Gan Junqiu, by John Fang Xing Yao
14.12.2007: Peter Jin Lugang, by Joseph Wei Jingyi
21.12.2007: Joseph Li Jing, by John Baptist Liu Jingshan
28.12.2008: Vincent Guo Xijin, by Vincent Huang Shoucheng
10.01.2009: Vincent Zhu Weifang, by Joseph Gao Hongxiao
18.04.2010: Paul Meng Qinglu, by Paul Pei Junmin
21.04.2010: Joseph Shen Bin, by John Fang Xin Yao
08.05.2010: Joseph Cai Bingrui, by John Fang Xin Yao
24.06.2010: Joseph Han Yingjin, by Joseph Tsong Huaide
10.07.2010: Anthony Xu Jiwei, by Joseph Li Ming Shu
15.07.2010: John Baptist Yang Xiaoting, by Louis Yu Ren Chen
16.09.2010: Paul Meng Ningyu, by Sylvester Li Jiantang
21.09.2010: Peter Wu Junwei, by John Huo Cheng
31.10.2010: John Baptist Li Sugong, by Joseph Li Shan
15.11.2010: Joseph Yang Yongqiang, by John Fang Xing Yao
20.11.2010: Joseph Guo Jincai, by Peter Fang Jianping
00.00.2011: John Wang Ruowang, by N. N.
30.03.2011: Paul Liang Jiansen, by Joseph Gan Junqiu
20.05.2011: John Lu Peisan, by John Fang Xingyao
21.06.2011: Joseph Sun Jigen, by Stephen Yang Xiangtai
29.06.2011: Paul Lei Shiyin, by John Fang Xinyao
14.07.2011: Joseph Huang Binzhang, by John Fang Xingyao
30.11.2011: Peter Luo Xuegang, by John Chen Shi-zhong
19.04.2012: Joseph Chen Gong’ao, by Peter Fang Jianping
25.04.2012: Method Qu Ailin, by Joseph Li Shan
06.07.2012: Joseph Yue Fusheng, by John Fang Xingyao (?)
07.07.2012: Thaddeus Ma Daquin, by Aloysius Jin Luxian
28.11.2012: Francis Xavier Jin Yangke, by Matthew Hu Xiande
07.04.2013: Auguste Cui Tai, by N. N.
13.02.2014: Peter Li Huiyuan, by N. N.
10.04.2014: John Pei Weizhao, by N. N.
04.08.2015: Joseph Zhang Yinlin, by Thomas Zhang Huaixin
10.11.2016: Peter Ding Lingbin, by Joseph Li Shan
30.11.2016: Joseph Tang Yuange, by John Fang Xingyao
30.11.2016: John Baptist Wang Xiaoxun, by John Baptist Yang Xiaoting
02.12.2016: John Lei Jiapei, by John Fang Xingyao
23.11.2020: Thomas Chen Tianhao, by John Fang Xingyao
22.12.2020: Peter Liu Genzhu, by Paul Meng Yinglou
28.07.2021: Anthony Li Hui, by Joseph Ma Yinglin
08.09.2021: Joseph Cui Qingqi, by Joseph Ma Yinglin
In this survey or in other places of this website there is no difference made regarding obediences or legitimities, for in most cases bishops were not able to make a choice between papal or patriotic direction. Patriotic dioceses and offices were allocated to the official Vatican jurisdictions. Therefore also after 1958 you will find archbishops, but also two or even three bishops for one diocese simultaneously. This is bound to the times‘ special circumstances.
On September 22, 2018, the Holy See, represented by Mons. Antoine Camilleri, Undersecretary for the Relations with States, and Mr. Wang Chao, Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, signed a „Provisional Agreement“ on the appointment of bishops without publishing the text. This treaty, criticized even before by parts of the underground church as well as by Cardinal Joseph Zen Ze-kiun of Hong Kong, decrees the formal erection of Chengde Diocese, which since 2010 has been run by regime attached bishop Joseph Guo Jingcai, as well as the Roman acknowledgement of this prelate and of the other up to now illegitimate and excommunicated Bishops Joseph Huang Bingzhang, Paul Lei Shiyin, Joseph Liu Xinhong, Joseph Ma Yinglin, Joseph Yue Fusheng and Vincent Zhan Silu and posthumous of 2017 deceased Anthony Tu Shihua. On October 22, 2020, the agreement was renewed for another two years as well as on October 22, 2022.
A special thank to Mr Andreas Brender, M. A., Kirchzarten, who’s website www.brender.eu was of special meaning for this survey, as well as to Fr. Jean Charbonnier, M. E. P., and to his compendium Guide To The Catholic Church in China, Singapore 2014. The photos are from the author’s archive; copyrights were not ascertainable.
SEE ALSO: